The object of cyclone separation is two phase fluid. A two-phase fluid is composed of solid and liquid (usually water), solid and gas (usually air) and two liquids that are different in density and insoluble in each other. The separation of solid — cyclone liquid two-phase fluid called hydrocyclone, separation of solid — cyclone gas two-phase fluid called wind cyclone, separation of liquid — cyclone liquid two-phase fluid called liquid liquid hydrocyclone or liquid — — liquid hydrocyclone, the same principle and separation process of their the structure is similar.
As a common separation and classification equipment, the working principle of cyclone is centrifugal settlement. When the separated two-phase (or three-phase) mixture is tangential to the cyclone at a certain pressure, it will generate strong three-dimensional elliptical strong swirling shear turbulent motion. Because of the coarse particles (or phase) and fine particles (or light) exists between the size difference (or density), the centrifugal force, the centripetal buoyancy and drag force of different sizes and, by centrifugal sedimentation, the majority of coarse particles (or phase) is discharged through the cyclone underflow, and most fine particles (or light) is discharged from the overflow tube, so as to achieve the purpose of separation.
A cyclone is a device that produces rotating motion by using fluid pressure. When the slurry enters a swirler at a certain speed, it is forced to make a rotary motion when the cyclone is encountered. Due to the centrifugal force, the centrifugal force caused by the solid coarse particles in the slurry, which can overcome the hydraulic resistance to wall motion, and interaction in the self gravity, along the wall of the spiral downward movement, thin and small particles and most of the water due to the centrifugal force of the small. Do not close to the wall with the slurry to do rotary movement. In the subsequent feeding under the impetus of the slurry continue downward and rotary movement, so the coarse particles to surrounding concentration, but the small grain will stay in the central region, the particle size from the center to the wall is more and more big, the formation of layered.
With the slurry from the cylindrical part of the flow cone cyclone, the flow section is more and more small, slurry contraction in outer oppression, the inner slurry containing a large amount of fine particles had to turn to the direction of movement on the table, and in the formation of swirl, discharged from the overflow pipe, overflow and become, coarse particles will continue to along the wall spiral downward, forming the outer swirl, finally discharged from the underflow, become sand.
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